Jews were isolated, segregated, misunderstood and then demonised. They were subjected to crusades in the 1100s, expelled from England in the 1200s, blamed for the Black Death in the 1300s, expelled from Spain in the 1400s, abused by Martin Luther in the 1500s, massacred in Eastern Europe in the 1600s, and driven out of Russia in the 1800s. Trades were restricted and controlled - they were forced to become moneylenders at one time and farmers at another. Judaism was misunderstood and misconstrued.